A continuous countercurrent flow process for converting FGD gypsum to ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate including countercurrent flows with internal recycle of liquids to maximize the purity of reaction products while minimizing reaction times, and further include embodiments of the process that provide a yield of both ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate to be 97 to …
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FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the technology of ammonium sulphate preparation from phosphogypsum and can be used in chemical industry at mineral fertilisers production. The claimed method for ammonium sulphate preparation includes: 1) phosphogypsum conversion in the reusable solution of ammonium sulphate with dispersed ammonia and …
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Conversion of FGD-gypsum to ammonium sulfate were tested at temperatures between 60 to 70{degrees}C for a duration of five to six hours. The results of a literature review …
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It is also of particular importance in chloride hydrometallurgy and numerous conversion processes, such as the manufacture of sodium, potassium and ammonium sulfate from PG by simple dissolution ...
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Waste gypsum, industrial waste including flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum (25.27–53.40 wt% of CaO), and phosphogypsum (30.50–39.06 wt% of CaO) can be used for direct MC (conversion rate ...
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Disclosed herein are systems and methods from processing flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum feedstock and ash feedstocks, either separately or together. FGD gypsum conversion comprises reacting FGD gypsum (calcium sulfate) feedstock or phosphogypsum, in either batch or continuous mode, with ammonium carbonate reagent to …
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monium sulfate by the reaction of gypsum or calcium sulfate with ammonium carbonate Wherein high yields of good quality products are obtained. ... lized to insure 45 to 85 "mol per cent COnverSiOn of the gypsum to ammonium Sulfate and calcium carbonate in this zone and to lower the pH below 8.0. Depending on the temperatures and
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ammonium or potassium sulfate by the double de-composition reaction. Ammonium sulfate for use as fertilizer, supplying sulphur as well as nitrogen to soils, can be manufactured from anhydrous ammonium carbonate and gypsum or anhydrite. Elkanzi studied the kinetics of the conversion of calcium sulfate to ammonium sulfate using ammo -
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The process for conversion of gypsum to ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate by the reaction with ammonium carbonate is by a unique combination of countercurrent flows coupled with reactors operated in a batch manner and thus partially continuous, with internal recycle of liquids to maximize the purity of reaction products while minimizing ...
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The scrubber, a Chiyoda Thoroughbred 121 FGD, produced a filter cake product contains 98.36% gypsum (CaSO{sub 4}.2H{sub 2}O), and less than 0.01% calcium sulfate (CaSO{sub 3}). Conversion of FGD-gypsum to ammonium sulfate were tested at temperatures between 60 to 70{degrees}C for a duration of five to six hours.
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Conversion of FGD-gypsum to ammonium sulfate were tested at temperatures between 60 to 70°C for a duration of five to six hours. A yield of up to 82% and a purity of up to 95% for the …
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The ammonium sulfate produced from this gypsum had a slight greenish color and smaller than normal crystal size, perhaps due to a corroded stainless steel evaporator pan caused by elevated acidity. ... Radionuclide flow during phosphogypsum conversion 47 Production of ammonium sulfate from phosphogypsum continues to this day in parts of Asia ...
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Ammonium sulfate was prepared by adding a fixed amount of natural gypsum with an appropriate quantity of ammonium carbonate in distilled water at varying temperatures for different contact times ...
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PG can react with ammonium and alkaline carbonate to yield calcium carbonate (CaCO 3), ammonium and alkaline sulfate respectively. The general reaction can be expressed as following [12-15]: CaSO 4.2H 2 O + A 2 …
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The authors have been developing a process which converts FGD-gypsum to ammonium sulfate fertilizer with precipitated calcium carbonate as a by-product during the …
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The process for conversion of FGD gypsum to ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate by the reaction with ammonium carbonate is by a unique combination of countercurrent flows with internal recycle of liquids to maximize the purity of reaction products while minimizing the reaction time. The filters remove solids and thus enable the solids to ...
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When ammonium sulfate is applied to upland soil, the first reaction is the cation-exchange, in which ammonium (NH 4 +) displaces some other cations, usually calcium, on the exchange complex of the soil.The resulting calcium sulfate [CaSO 4] being soluble in water is partly taken up by plants but mostly leached through the soil during heavy rains.In this way, the loss of soil …
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Here, we transformed gypsum, CaSO4·2H2O, into vaterite, CaCO3, by sonication. We studied conversion, phase compositions and morphologies of carbonation products, and sulfate (SO42−) concentrations during carbonation. Results show that the conversion of CaSO4·2H2O increased from 60 to 98% with ultrasonic amplitude.
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Ammonium sulfate is found in the most everyday applications because of their unique chemical and physical properties. Ammonium sulfate is used in the agricultural fertilizer as a source of nitrogen and sulfur for plant nutrients (Schwenke & McMullen, 2009).Ammonium sulfate is a mixed fertilizer which contains nitrogen and sulfur nutrients (FAO, 2003, Tisdale, …
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The results obtained demonstrate the high efficiency of this proposed procedure, resulting in the synthesis of relatively pure calcium fluoride (CaF2) nanoparticles and ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4).
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The PG conversion by ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) into calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) is classifying in the top of the PG conversion and it's known generally by the ...
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An advanced CO 2 mineralization technology using Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) byproduct gypsum, which coproduces value-added precipitated calcium carbonate (precipitated CaCO 3, PCC) and ammonium sulfate [(NH 4) 2 SO 4, AS] fertilizer, is being developed to address the technical challenges of achieving simultaneous CO 2 capture and utilization, high …
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Ammonium sulfate can be prepared by the conversion reaction of gypsum with CO 2 and ammonia (Danielik et al., 2018). Except for ammonium sulfate, calcium carbonate is produced as a by-product ...
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The authors have been developing a process which converts FGD-gypsum to ammonium sulfate fertilizer with precipitated calcium carbonate as a by-product during the conversion.
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Manufacture of ammonium sulfate fertilizer … Conversion of FGD- gypsum to ammonium sulfate was tested at 60-70{degree}C for 5-6 hr. Yield up to 82% and purity up to 95% were achieved for the ammonium sulfate production. During this … WhatsApp: +86
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FGD gypsum conversion comprises reacting FGD gypsum (calcium sulfate) feedstock, in either batch or continuous mode, with an ammonium carbonate reagent to …
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ammonium sulfate can be obtained by converting ammonium carbonate with readily soluble sulfates such as alum, as well as with sulfates which only dissolve with difliculty such as gypsum that is to say hydrated calcium sulfate (Graham Otto, 5th ed., 3 div., pag. 482). Both reactions have been proposed for obtaining ammonium sulfate from gas liquor, the stoichiometrical …
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Definitions. This invention relates to the production of ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate from gypsum obtained from flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems located at electric power plants. While FGD gypsum provides a cheap source of gypsum, the physical structure of the gypsum crystalline particles may have characteristics that make it difficult to react with other …
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In this study, the FGD-gypsum will be tested for conversion to calcium carbonate and ammonium sulfate by reacting it with C02 and ammonia or by reacting it with ammonium carbonate.
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The conversion of the gypsum PL and the gypsum RH to K 2 SO 4 is performed with stoichiometric mixture between these synthetics types of gypsum and K 2 CO 3. ... Radionuclide flow during the conversion of phosphogypsum to ammonium sulfate. J Environ Radioact, 32 (1–2) (1996), pp. 33-51, 10.1016/0265-931X(95)00078-O. View PDF View article …
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