Four different iron ores were investigated: two natural hematite-based ores, one limonite-based ore, and one magnetite-based ore. To investigate the fluidization behavior and …
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The iron and steel manufacturing sector directly accounts for 7–9% of global CO2 emissions. Raw material preparation, such as iron ore sintering, pelletizing, and cock making, is the major CO2 emitter. As climate change becomes a bigger concern, steel manufacturers need to lower CO2 emissions without hindering efficiency or increasing costs. In recent years, the …
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reducibility is discussed. EXPERIMENTAL Sinter Analogues Sinter analogues designed to simulate the bond-ing phase in iron ore sinter were prepared from Australian iron ore fines using an infra-red rapid-heating furnace. The equipment and procedure is described in previous work.18 A 1-mm fraction of the iron ore was fluxed to a binary basicity ...
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Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Fluidization behavior and reducibility of iron ore fines during hydrogen-induced fluidized bed reduction" by Daniel Spreitzer et al. ... Magnetite-based iron ore usually shows a high sticking tendency and a poor reducibility in the fluidized bed because of its dense structure.
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A laboratory fluidized bed reactor was used to investigate the fluidization behavior and reducibility of various iron ore fines. Hydrogen was chosen as a reducing agent across a temperature range of 873–1073 K. The magnetite ore used exhibited strong sticking behavior after the initiation of metallic iron formation.
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Metallic iron, as one of the main components of steel, can generally be produced by three process routes [2]: blast furnace, direct reduction and smelting reduction.
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The reduction roasting of goethitic-hematite iron ore could produce high-grade magnetite with LOI removal, which is more suitable for pellet making. ... Usually, the porosity is significant for the iron ore pellets regarding reducibility, while pellets are considered for the BF/DRI process [37, 38]. However, excess porosity resulted in ...
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The properties of iron ore pellets, agglomerated spherical particles known as an essential ironmaking raw material, are evaluated based on standardized tests that consider size distribution, reducibility, and strength [8].Cold strength properties important from the perspective of storage, handling, and charging are measured using compression, drop, and abrasion tests.
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Hydrogen reduction of iron oxide is an endothermic reaction that requires external heat input into the system such as preheating the iron ore. When magnetite iron ore is used, it becomes oxidized in a preheat process. Based on our previous study, the raw magnetite iron ore could not be completely fluidized at the temperature range of 600–800 C.
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The results show that the untreated magnetite-based iron ore cannot be fluidized successfully in the tested temperature range between 600 °C and 800 °C. At 600 °C reduction temperature, the de-fluidization can be …
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The main results obtained are described as follows: (1) "Separate Granulation" in case that magnetite is pre-granulated with high Al2O3 iron ore without limestone and coke breeze resulted in decrease of FeO in sinter and improvement of both sinter reducibility and sinter strength.
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One of the most common fluxing materials for iron ore pellet production is limestone, which is mainly calcium oxide (CaO). In this study, the effect of adding limestone on the metallurgical properties (reducibility, swelling, cracking, softening temperature, Low-Temperature Disintegration, Cold Crushing Strength) of acid iron ore pellets was
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The optimum condition is that the magnetite iron ore is deeply oxidized at 800 C, mixed with 1.5 wt.% of MgO powder, and reduced in the fluidized bed at a gas velocity of 0.45 m/s.
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The compressive strength of roasted pellets were decreased with increase of grinded iron ore fine ratio, however it can be reached 2500 N.P⁻¹ while proportioned with more than 80% of magnetite ...
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Through magnetite concentration deteriorates reducibility because of high FeO content in sinter product. Such situation makes it to promote oxidation of magnetite iron ore during sintering …
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The pelletisation study of magnetite iron ore fines starts with green balling using limestone and bentonite as additives. Heating cycle of iron ore pellets is one of the prime segments of the ...
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Prior oxidation of magnetite ore to Fe 2 O 3 leads to similar reduction behavior when compared with natural hematite; however, natural magnetite is hardly reducible due to low porosity and the formation of dense intermediate products …
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The influence of different pre-oxidation temperatures and pre-oxidation degrees on the reduction and fluidization behaviors of magnetite-based iron ore was investigated in a …
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OF IRON ORE AND AGGLOMERATES M.C. Goswami INTRODUCTION ... Fig. 3.1 : Raw iron ores ( Hematite, Magnetite, Goethite, Limoaite). P10-2007 27 . ... reducibility of the particles and the permeability of the bed. Wide size ranges favour in segregation and crest formation. Increased percentages of fine (less than 5 mm size) and larger
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Iron ore; reducibility; RDI; sintering; softening and melting test; tumbler index 1. Introduction ... – Magnetite (Fe3O4), which can be formed from the minerals without influence of the ...
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The integrated iron- and steelmaking route involves blast furnace (BF) ironmaking followed by basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS). The BF uses sinter, pellet, and lump ore as the iron-bearing raw materials and coke and pulverized coal as reducing agents to produce hot metal with consistent quality for the BOS process.
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All samples presented similar behaviour, pure iron oxide (magnetite or hematite) had low porosity, lime addition favoured the formation of pores, and lime+silica allowed the formation of more ...
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The presence of Ca-ferrite and silico-ferrite-of-calcium-and-aluminium (SFCA) bonding phases is thought to be crucial to maintain sinter quality due to their high reducibility and strength levels. However, new evidence suggests that porosity might be an equally important factor controlling reducibility, in addition to mineralogy. This work aims to fundamentally …
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The influence of different pre-oxidation temperatures and pre-oxidation degrees on the reduction and fluidization behaviors of magnetite-based iron ore was investigated in a hydrogen-induced fluidized bed. The raw magnetite-based iron ore was pre-oxidized at 800 and 1000°C for a certain time to reach a partly oxidation and deeply oxidation state. The structure …
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To enhance the fluidization and reduction behaviors of magnetite-based iron ore during hydrogen-induced fluidized bed reduction, the effect of a prior oxidation treatment is investigated.
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KEY WORDS: sinter; magnetite; separate granulation; reducibility; sinter strength; concentration; iron ore. netite iron ore than other methods, for example, flotation method. Since magnetic iron ore is generally magnetite (Fe 3O 4), we have focused on it. Generally, in case of high blending ratio of magnetite ore in sinter mixture, Fe2+ in the ...
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Bristow and Waters32 performed a more comprehensive study of the effect of porosity on the reducibility of sinter in comparison to the original iron ore, finding that sinter retained its fine pore structure (pores with diameter < 1 µm) during reduction, and that these pores increased as reduction proceeded, whereas pores of this size in the ...
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With the aim of reducing CO 2 emissions in basic industries, the sector of iron and steel metallurgy is also faced with the question of how carbon can be replaced in ore reduction. By means of in-situ observation, this study investigates the direct reduction (DR) of individual iron ore pellets under an atmosphere of hydrogen (H 2) and carbon monoxide (CO) and at …
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2.1 Iron ore pellets. One type of Chinese magnetite concentrate M and one type of Brazilian hematite concentrate H were used as raw materials. The chemical compositions of the iron ore concentrates and alumina-containing additives are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.The alumina content of hematite and magnetite pellets was adjusted to 2 wt.% by …
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The pelletizing process mostly uses high-grade iron ore such as magnetite (Fe3O4) as the main raw material, which has been depleted due to the increasing demand for pellet production. ... Pal J, Ghorai S, Ammasi A et al (2017) Improving reducibility of iron ore pellets by optimization of physical parameters. J Min Metall Sect B 53:37–46 ...
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