A chemical analysis would reveal that RM contains silica, aluminum, iron, calcium, titanium, as well as an array of minor constituents, namely: Na, K, Cr, V, Ni, Ba, Cu, Mn, Pb, …
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The multicomponent composition of red mud limits the selective metal isolation of a specific metal, necessitating the use of large amounts of acids to neutralize the alkali of the mud slurry and solubilize the components. ... The mineral composition was analyzed by X‑ray diffraction (XRD). It was established that primary phases of the RM are ...
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Depending on the grade of bauxite and process parameters, the Bayer process produces approximately 1∼2 tons of red mud per ton of alumina produced (Zhou et al., 2023).By 2023, the cumulative stockpile of red mud has exceeded 4.5 billion tons globally (Niu and Lin, 2024; Swain, 2022).Red mud has the characteristics of fine particles, strong alkalinity and …
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Red mud (RM) is an industrial solid waste generated during the bauxite refining process in aluminum production. It is composed of various compounds, including iron oxide, …
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Red mud is a mixture of compounds originally present in the parent mineral, bauxite and the compounds formed during the Bayer process. Red mud is highly caustic with a pH in the range …
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Global red mud production ranges between 120 million tons per year, with India accounting for 10% of global red mud production . Red mud or alkaline residue refers to the solid waste produced after processing bauxite ores with caustic soda to produce alumina (Al 2 O 3) . The methods used to dispose of red mud differ from country to country.
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Red mud is employed as a supplementary cementitious material to replace cement because of its chemical composition. Red mud is best suited for enhancing the properties of geopolymer concrete because of its high alkalinity. ... The use of red mud as mineral filler in bituminous mastic improved the stiffness and mechanical properties of the ...
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The red mud's pH increases from 10.5 to 12.5 due to sodium hydroxide and alterations in the bauxite's mineral composition [38], [39]. ... Representative chemical composition of red mud is presented in Table 1. The information presented in Table 1 indicates that the predominant constituents of red mud are Fe 2 O 3, SiO 2, ...
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Red mud is composed of minerals such as hematite, gibbsite, calcite, quartz, goethite, diaspore, rutile, kaolinite, etc. (Wang and Liu, 2012) measured by using X-ray diffractometer.The specific gravity of red mud is 2.77 gcm −3 measured by gas picnometer. According to its particle size distribution, it is very fine material and has a high surface area (Wang and Liu, 2012).
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The complex composition and high alkalinity of red mud would threaten ecological balance and human health. ... in which calcium-containing minerals play an important role in red mud carbonation [120]. Silicate and titanate ions may strongly compete for available soluble calcium with carbonate ions, affecting carbon dioxide sequestration [101 ...
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Red mud (RM) is the major waste with strong alkaline discharge produced in alumina manufacturing. The main chemical compositions are Fe 2 O 3, Al 2 O 3, and SiO 2, which are similar to those of the raw materials for SAC.RM is a kind of waste with large output and serious pollution, and its effective disposal is the important problem facing the environment at …
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Given the special mineral and particle size composition of red mud, high alkalinity, large content of clayey aluminum-silica minerals, fine particle size, and single morphology, compared with the common soil agglomerate structure, great differences exist in water permeability, absorption, and retention and in the stable supply of nutrients.
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Performances of two common types of red mud, Bayer red mud and Sintering red mud, were investigated in this research. Their compositions, mechanical properties and microstructure …
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The clay minerals contained in red mud are also excellent sorbents, which have the potential to bind various pollutants to reduce their mobility and bioavailability ... active NiO was used to optimize the structure and composition of the red mud oxygen carrier methane oxidation. Addition of NiO markedly enhanced conversion of methane to carbon ...
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Chemical and mineral composition of red mud depends on the composition of bauxite, the ways to produce alumina, the substances of additives during the production and the composition of newly formed compound, etc. The three kind of red mud were firstly dried to constant weight at 105 °C, then sifted out through a 200-mesh sifter after powered ...
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In average red mud contains up to 65-70% iron oxide (Fe2O3), 40-50% aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and 15-25% titanium dioxide (TiO2), depending on origin of the bauxite ore. Of specific interest …
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Red mud is a bauxite industrial waste of reddish-brown mud with high alkalinity. Red mud has relatively high silica and alumina content, so it can be utilized as a raw material in the...
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S.W. Yang, Y.H. Cao and Q. Li, The status and development of comprehensive utilization of red mud in the aluminum industry, Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources 6 (1999), pp. 46–49 (in Chinese)
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Chemical and mineral composition of the red mud from BAZ (RUSAL) is studied in details and reported by Gutkin (1972) and Zilberminz and Scoryshev (1977).In the literature (Vind et al., 2018a; Vind et al., 2018b), there is no consensus regarding the crystal chemical characteristics of the behavior of scandium in the red mud.However, it is found that scandium …
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Significant quantities of iron minerals were found in both red mud and sand, present as haematite (Fe 2 O 3) and goethite (FeO(OH)), respectively, whereas the main mineral composition of bentonite was smectite, followed by quartz.
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Hydration of Portland cement with red mud as mineral addition R. C. O. Romano1 • H. M. Bernardo1 • M. H. Maciel1 • R. G. Pileggi1 • M. A. Cincotto1 Received: 3 May 2017/Accepted: 28 October 2017/Published online: 7 November 2017 Akade´miai Kiado´, Budapest, Hungary 2017 Abstract The use of red mud from Bayer process in
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The typical mineral composition of red mud is comprised of alumina trihydrate Al(OH) 3, alumina thin water γ-AlO(OH), and alumina monohydrate α-AlO(OH), which are …
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Alekseev and his team also described the mineral composition for red mud as hematite and quartz in the majority. However, they detected magnetite in their sample. The density of red mud was also different from the other studies mentioned. They found a much smaller value: 0.86 g.cm −3 .
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Rietveld refinement technique was used to quantify the composition of potential phases in the mixture. There are very few reports [53–55] on the quantification of red mud sintered at various temperatures, hence this study could provide insight into the mineralogical composition of red mud: Bi2O3 mixtures sintered at different temperatures.
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The performance of calcined red mud was determined through mortar strength tests. Results indicate that high-temperature calcination can change the mineral composition and microstructure of red mud, and increase the surface roughness and specific surface area.
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Table 3 shows the chemical compositions of red mud. The chemical composition is related to the alumina production process and bauxite composition. Meanwhile, red mud has the characteristics of high alkalinity, high Na, Al, and Fe content, and low organic carbon. The mineral components of red mud are complex.
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Managing red mud (RM), a solid waste byproduct of the alumina recovery process, is a serious ecological and environmental issue. With ~150 million tons/year of RM being generated globally, nearly 4.6 billion tons of RM are presently stored in vast waste reserves. RM can be a valuable resource of metals, minor elements, and rare earth elements. The suitability …
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Red mud (RM) is a by-product of extracting of alumina from bauxite. Red mud contains high quantities of alkali-generating minerals and metal ions, which can cause significant environmental damage. Many valuable components such as rare-earth elements, Al, and Fe, in RM are difficult to be utilized owing to their particle size and alkalinity. Thus, developing an …
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Red mud (RM) is a significant by product generated during the production of aluminum oxide, with each ton of aluminum oxide resulting in the discharge of 0.8−1.5 tons of RM [1], [2].China, being a major aluminum producer, annually generates around 100 million tons of RM, but the comprehensive utilization rate remains as low as 4% [3].The high alkalinity of RM …
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Extraction of Scandium from Red Mud, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, DOI: 10.1080/08827508.2022.2047044 To link to this article: https://doi.or g/10.1080/08827508.2022.2047044
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