In the last decades, steel slag has been analyzed in several studies: basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag was integrated into a warm [13,14], porous hot mix asphalt, stone mastic asphalt (SMA-BOF), dense-graded asphalt concrete (DGAC-BOF) or used as the main constituent in hydraulic road binder . The results showed that the addition of steel slag ...
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1. Introduction. Steel slag is a by-product generated during the steelmaking process, with a production rate of approximately 10–15% of the crude steel quantity [].Large amounts of steel slag have been produced annually in many regions [].As a major steel producer in the world, crude steel production in China reached 1.01 billion tons in 2022 while producing more than 160 …
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Metals extraction and processing generate a substantial amount of industrial waste, posing significant environmental hazards. To reduce the accumulation of such waste, this paper incorporates steel slag (SS) into a lime (CH)–sodium sulfate (SN) composite-activated cementitious system. The mechanical properties, hydration products, and microstructure of the …
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In this study the physical, mechanical, visual, and morphological characterization of steel slag was conducted in view of the suitability of steel slag as an aggregate (SSA) in road construction. The obtained results showed that the SSA …
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The converter steel slag produced by Xiangtan Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd. which has been aged for 6 months is selected, and the appearance, physical and mechanical properties, chemical composition, mineral composition, and total free calcium content are comprehensively analyzed to evaluate the feasibility of the steel slag as an aggregate of ...
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basic-oxygen-furnace steel slag (BOF C) and electric-arc-furnace stainless steel slag (EAF S) were studied with emphasis of the following aspects: chemistry (X-Ray Florescence (XRF)); …
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Application of industrial waste or by-product in highway construction is a major topic by researchers, government officers, and engineers these days (Dang et al. 2021). Steelmaking …
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Hydration heat of steel slag. Figure 2 shows the exothermic rates during the hydration of the three steel slags with different finenesses. The exothermic process of steel slag is very similar to that of cement which can be divided into five stages: (1) short rapid exothermic stage at which the first exothermic peak forms; (2) dormant period at which the exothermic rate …
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Steel slag, an alkaline industrial by-product of the steelmaking process, constitutes 15–20% of crude steel output [1], [2].Annually, China produces over 100 million tons of steel slag [3], yet the utilization rate of steel slag remains below 30%, with the majority relegated to landfill disposal [3], [4].Consequently, China has accumulated more than 1.3 billion tons of steel slag, …
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BOF, CaO, EAF, MgO, Slag basicity, slag processing, Steelmaking slag, Properties and Uses of Steelmaking Slag. Steelmaking slag is an integral part of the steelmaking process. It is produced during the separation of the liquid steel from impurities in steelmaking furnace and is a non-metallic by-product of steelmaking process.
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To solve the problem of difficult utilization of steel slag, the liquid steel slag was modified and the air-quenching granulation process was carried out to make steel slag into a value-added end product: air-quenching granulated steel slag. The granulated slag was tested to analyze the variation rule of slag properties under different modification conditions. Based on …
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The steel industry, known for its high energy consumption and resource utilization, generates steel slag (SS) as a major by-product, ... Hydration activity and mechanical properties of steel slag used as cementitious materials. Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy, 41 (2021), 10.1002/ep.13756. Google Scholar [24]
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Steel slag, which is a solid waste containing silica-aluminate minerals, is a suitable raw material for the preparation of geopolymers. While there have been some studies on the preparation of geopolymers using steel slag as a main raw material, these studies have focused on small amounts of slag and do not exceed 50 % by weight.
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The major cementitious components in steel slag, C 3 S and C 2 S, react with CO 2, providing a source of calcium for CaCO 3 formation. ... This paper reviews the classification and physicochemical properties of steel slag, as well as the factors that influence the carbonation efficiency of steel slag. In addition, the influence of carbonated ...
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The formation of distinct phases after carbonation in different steel slags depends on the diverse mineral compositions found in the slags [19].Generally, the main minerals with carbonation reactivity in steel slags include ƒ-CaO/MgO and their hydration products (e.g., calcium hydroxide), calcium silicates (e.g., C 3 S, β- and γ-C 2 S), and calcium aluminates …
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Selected physical properties of steel slag are shown in Table 10.1. Depending on the used production technology, the steel slag can be divided into a basic oxygen steel slag, an electric arc furnace slag and a ladle furnace slag (De Brito and Saika, 2013).
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Typical morphology of steel slag [].(a) BOF steel slag.(b) EAF steel slag.(c) LF steel slag.BOF steel slag is the solid waste produced in the converter steelmaking process, and its discharge is approximately 100–150 kg per ton of BOF steel [20,21,22,23].BOF steel slag commonly has a grayish-white appearance and a vesicular nature, with many non-interconnected pores [].
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These works show that not only do chemical and physical properties of steel slag impact its P removal ability, but also the nature of the interactions between P and the media, e.g., input P concentrations and residence time (RT). ... Phosphorus cumulative removal versus main variables of interest for uncoated slags: (a) Calcium content and (b ...
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Among the major contributors, China accounted for 44.6% of the total annual production, while the European Union made up 12.0% of the global output. ... (BOFS) and Electric Arc Furnace slag (EAFS). The properties of steel slag vary significantly due to differences in steelmaking processes and raw materials used in different steel plants. This ...
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The iron and steel industry is an energy-intensive industry and a pillar industry of the national economy. Steel slag (SS) is an alkaline solid waste generated during the steelmaking process [1].Each ton of crude steel produced generates 0.1–0.15 tons of SS and emits 1.85 tons of CO 2 [2, 3].The iron and steel industry is not only one of the largest sources of industrial solid …
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2.1. chemical composition and mineral composition of steel slag The main chemical components of steel slag are CaO, SiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, MgO, MnO, FeO, fCaO, etc. With the difference of raw material, smelting technology and steel type, the composition of steel ... properties of steel slag in different steel mills fluctuate widely. 2) the early ...
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Zhuang et al. used steel-slag-modified ultrafine blast furnace slag as an admixture to prepare high-strength concrete and studied its ultra-high temperature and self-shrinkage issues; the results showed that steel slag can effectively retard the main hydration heat release peak, decrease the accumulated heat, and reduce the growth rate of self ...
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Steel slag's main composition is CaO, Al 2 O 3, SiO 2, and MgO, which is similar to the raw materials for the traditional construction of tiles; therefore, steel slag can be used as a raw material in the preparation of …
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The main elements detected in the gel include Na, Si, Al, Ca, and O. Small amounts of Zr and Fe elements are also present, and the Fe and Ca elements prove the geopolymerization reaction in which SS is involved. ... Influence of steel slag on the mechanical properties and curing time of metakaolin geopolymer. Ceram. Int., 44 (13) (2018), pp ...
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In addition, steel slag has three characteristics: the first characteristic is the gelling activity, the mineral composition of steel slag silicate, ferroaluminate, aluminate determines the gelling …
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duce steel slag as a byproduct is also required. This paper provides an overview of steel slag generation and a literature review on the chemical and mineralogical properties of steel slags. Moreover, the mineralogical and morphological char-acteristics of steel slag samples generated from two steel plants in Indiana were evaluated through XRD ...
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The presence of C 3 S, C 2 S, C 4 AF and C 2 F in steel slag endorses some cementitious properties. The use of steel slag as a mineral admixture should be given a priority from economical and environmental considerations [10].However, the hydration activity of steel slag is very low due to its slow cooling history and high content of non-active components [21], …
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Steel slag is more wear-resistant than blast furnace slag. The main chemical composition of steel slag is basically similar to that of Portland cement clinker and blast furnace slag. The content of crushed steel slag varies …
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This study compared the physical and chemical properties of steel slag produced by three different methods from four different steel mills. We compared the changes in mineral …
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Steel slag is a byproduct of the steelmaking and steel refining processes. This paper provides an overview of the different types of steel slag that are generated from basic-oxygen-furnace (BOF) steelmaking, electric-arc …
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