The mineralogy and mineral associations of platinum group elements and gold in the Platreef at Zwartfontein, Akanani Project, Northern Bushveld Complex, South Africa Frits van der Merwe, Fanus Viljoen & Mike Knoper Mineralogy and Petrology ISSN 0930-0708 Volume 106 Combined 1-2 Miner Petrol (2012) 106:25-38 DOI 10.1007/s00710-012-0225-7 1 23 Your article is …
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INTRODUCTION. The Bushveld Complex (Fig. 1a and b) is the world's largest resource of platinum group elements (Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Os and Ir; referred to as PGE), located in three main occurrences—the Merensky Reef, UG-2 chromitite and Platreef.The UG-2 chromitite and the Merensky Reef are associated with a series of pyroxenite layers close in the …
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increasing exploitation of the UG2 Reef w ill lift its contribution to South Africa's platinum output. The Crocodile River mine was the first devoted entirely to exploiting UG2 ore. In the northern extension of the BIC the Platreef is found. Whereas the platinum palladium ratio in the Merensky and UG2 reefs is close to three to one, the two
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The distribution of ma®c-ultrama®c cumulates of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Indicated are the areas of the pilot study (``Fig. 2'') and phases II and III (``Fig. 4'')
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The Bushveld Complex in South Africa hosts the lion's share of the world's noble metal resources in platinum reefs – thin layers of silicate/chromite rocks containing platinum-rich sulphides.
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The chromitites of the Bushveld Complex in South Africa contain vast resources of platinum-group elements (PGE); however, except for the economic upper group (UG)-2 chromitite seam, information on ...
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The Luanga Complex hosts the largest platinum-group elements resource in South America (i.e., 142 Mt at 1.24 ppm Pt + Pd + Au and 0.11% Ni) and hosts both a platinum-group element deposit ...
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The UG-2 chromitite of the Bushveld Complex in South Africa contains the world's largest resources of platinum group elements (PGEs). However, only limited work has been conducted on the fine ...
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The platinum group elements (PGEs) are represented by osmium and show very low concentrations, ∼10pgL−1. ... Ore enriched in PGEs elements. The Ni-Cu group includes komatiite-(both Archaean and Paleoproterozoic), flood basalt-, ferropicrite-, and anorthosite complex-related deposits with high Mg-basalts, such as the Sudbury Ni-Cu deposit ...
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South Africa's PGMs. It is estimated to contain some 17 000 tons of PGM, reserves. In the western BIC, where the major platinum mines are situated, the reef occurs in a narrow, 25- …
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These metals occur together in PGM-bearing ore; South Africa's Bushveld Complex hosts approximately 80% of PGM-bearing ore; ... The Merensky Reef is found between the Critical and the Main Zone, and is rich in platinum group elements (PGEs): platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium and ruthenium. (Source: Wits)
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The behaviour of platinum-group elements (PGE) in the exogenic cycle was examined in profiles of oxidized Main Sulfide Zone (MSZ) ores, in which the general metal distribution patterns of the pristine MSZ are grossly preserved. ... (1994) Platinum-group metals. In: South Africa. Department of Mineral and Energy A airs. Minerals Bureau (1994 ...
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Underexplored extensions of stratabound platinum-group element (PGE) deposits in the Bushveld Complex in South Africa may contain 65,000 metric tons of platinum, palladium, and rhodium to a depth ...
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The mafic-ultramafic Uitkomst Complex of South Africa is a tubular intrusion that is believed to be coeval and cogenetic with the 2054 Ma ... Centre for Research on Magmatic Ore Deposits, …
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The global demand for platinum group elements (PGE) continues to rise. This increase in demand is motivated by the drive toward green transition minerals and metals, primarily for industrial applications as emission control catalysts in the automotive industry, chemical and petrochemical refineries, fuel cell technology, dental and medical equipment, …
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The Bushveld Complex of South Africa (Fig. 1) contains the world's largest resource of platinum-group elements (Vermaak, 1995) and a large portion of the world's V and Ti resources (Goldberg et al., 1992).Most of the platinum-group element (PGE) resources are found in narrow layers, known as reefs, in the lower third of the intrusion, and consequently most …
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The Bushveld Complex in South Africa hosts the world's largest resources of platinum-group elements (PGEs), which are mainly mined from three ore bodies, namely the …
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The Uitkomst Complex is a Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr-Co mineralized composite mafic-ultramafic intrusion situated in South Africa. The platinum-group elements (PGEs), Re and Au …
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Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) have found diverse applications, especially in the pharmaceutical industry, where they produce equipment, micro-machines, and implants to enhance the quality of life for ageing populations. Additionally, the demand for advanced hard drives that require platinum is expected to power technological advancements such as robotics, super-fast …
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Abstract The Bushveld Complex in South Africa hosts the world's largest resources of platinum-group elements (PGEs), which are mainly mined from three ore bodies, namely the Merensky Reef, the ...
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The Bushveld Complex in South Africa hosts the world's largest resources of platinum-group elements (PGEs), which are mainly mined from three ore bodies, namely the Merensky Reef, the UG-2 chromitite, and the Platreef. In these ores, the PGEs are bimodally distributed, occurring both as discrete platinum-group minerals (PGMs) and hosted by sulfides. The presence of …
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Distribution of platinum-group elements in pristine and near-surface oxidized Platreef ore and the variation along strike, northern Bushveld Complex, South Africa ... Kinnaird JA, McCreesh M, McDonald I (2018) Geochemistry and PGE of the lower mineralized Zone of the Waterberg Project, South Africa. Ore Geol Rev 92:161–185 JFree (2009 ...
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It is well known that Russia and South Africa are the major producers of platinum group metals and hold the world's largest reserves of minerals bearing these metals. Cawthorn [1] has …
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Platinum-group elements occur in ore: (a) ... The gap must be filled with mining supplies, as shown in Table 1. >95 % of the PGMs mining supplies are from South Africa, Russia, Zimbabwe, and North America, meaning that other countries must import PGMs from these countries to meet their domestic demands. China, the world's largest consumer of ...
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The Platreef of the Bushveld Complex is currently the largest PGE open pit deposit. In order to investigate the behavior of PGE during weathering, three boreholes covering a sequence of oxidized and pristine Platreef ore from …
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Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; E-mmail: [email protected] There are enough platinum group element deposits in the Bushveld Complex in South Africa to supply world demands for many decades or even a century using current mining techniques. Demonstrated reserves and resources published by mining companies make
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Our business: an overview of Anglo American Platinum . Based in South Africa, our platinum business is the world's leading primary producer of platinum group metals (PGMs). We provide a complete resource-to-market service, supplying our network of global customers with a range of mined, recycled and traded products.
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Platinum-group elements and minerals in the Lower and Middle Group chromitites of the western Bushveld Complex, South Africa . Malte Junge1, Thomas Oberthür 1, Inga Osbahr2 and Paul Gutter3 1Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany; [email protected]
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The platinum-group elements (PGE) tend to exist in the metallic state or bond with sulfur or other Group Va and VIa ligands, and often occur as trace accessory minerals in rocks. Combined with three isotopic systems that contain the PGE, these elements afford a unique view of early solar system evolution, planet formation and differentiation ...
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Histogram showing annual production of platinum-group elements in South Africa from 1926 to 2011..... 11 8. Geologic map of the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe, illustrating subdivision of the intrusion into chambers, subchambers, and complexes ... Graph showing metric tons of ore per square meter as a function of mining height
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