externalities of Proof-of-Work cryptocurrencies are best tackled by (demand side) policies that demotivate investments in these currencies, thereby constraining mining incentives through prices. Since the externalities of Bitcoin arise due to both demand and supply side issues, in the following I will start
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The technology of coal mining has gone through continual evolutions and several revolutionary changes which transformed the methods, equipment, and productivity over the decades. In recent years, advances in technology focused more on the use of communication systems, automation, and data sciences for the health and safety of the miners and ...
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This article analyzed the use of economic theory of externalities of coal mining activities from the point of environmental economics principles, proposed the ecological compensation connotation of coal mining activities, and analyzed the feasibility of the implementation of ecological compensation from economic viewpoint.
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Such negative externalities occur because private mining entities are faced with a "moral hazard" problem. Without the intervention of other affected parties (at the government and community levels), private miners have little incentive to limit their exposure to risks because they do not bear the full cost of such risks. Time-horizon ...
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In economics, an external cost, or externality, is a negative effect of an economic activity on a third party. [1] . When coal is mined and used to generate power, external costs include the …
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Mining activities pose several challenges to the environment. The extraction and processing of metals (e.g. copper, gold, aluminum, iron, nickel), solid fuel minerals (coal, uranium) ... Clean technologies are characterized by a "double externality" (Reference Jaffe, ...
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P ositive externalities are benefits that are infeasible to charge to provide; negative externalities are costs that are infeasible to charge to not provide. Ordinarily, as Adam Smith explained, selfishness leads markets to produce whatever people want; to get rich, you have to sell what the public is eager to buy. Externalities undermine the social benefits of individual selfishness.
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Mining operations in Ghana and elsewhere have resulted in both positive and negative externalities in mining countries. Whilst the positive externalities have always been highlighted, not much attention has been paid to the negative externalities on mining communities despite several protestations from civil societies, NGOs and people living in mining areas.
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This research provides an in-depth understanding of the externalities caused by nickel mining and the importance of communities taking collective action against mining activities in Kolaka Regency.
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Externalities in coal mining and coal-power generation A negative environmental externality is a cost imposed on the environment and society due to the activities of a polluter; resulting in social, health, environmental degradation and other negative impacts. These …
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Facing the above challenges, inspired by the Transformer, we propose EXternality TRansformer (EXTR) which regards target ad with all slots as query and external items as key&value to model externalities in all exposure situations in parallel. ... In Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining. 2910--2918 ...
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Clearly the proximity to the externalities of tobacco and coal mining causes life threatening hazards. In other words the use of coal does raise legitimate health concerns and …
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EXTERNALITIES . February 20, 2020 . I. O. VERVIEW. A. Market failures B. Definition of an externality II. N. EGATIVE . E. XTERNALITIES (E. XAMPLE: G. ASOLINE) A. Definition B. New names for old concepts C. Social marginal cost D. The private outcome versus the socially optimal outcome E. Welfare analysis of a negative externality F.
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The main objective of this paper is to elicit and assess rural communities' nonmarket values of the effects of mining on their (1) health and (2) environment directly affecting their economic activities. This paper is one of very few to elicit preferences about mining in rural communities in a developing country, close to mines and exposed to mining externalities. …
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Negative environmental externalities are more likely to hit the livelihoods and health of vulnerable groups (Liu et al., 2021). Mining-induced environmental pollution (groundwater contamination, soil heavy metals, soil erosion) damages agricultural production and causes health problems (Peša, 2021). Vulnerable groups are inevitably exposed to ...
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Bitcoin mining consumes more energy than the entire country of Argentina. This is the cold, indisputable data released by a research from Cambridge University. The number becomes even more impressive if we add to it other cryptocurrencies' energy consumption. Even if the amount of carbon emissions linked to mining is lower than the one attributed to traditional banking and …
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Externalities are among the main reasons governments intervene in the economic sphere. Most externalities fall into the category of so-called technical externalities; that is, the indirect effects have an impact on the consumption and production opportunities of others, but the price of the product does not take those externalities into account ...
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Comparing the mean levelized cost of energy with mean externalities (in US$2018 cents/kWh). The figure shows the minimum Levelized Cost of Energy and Maximum Levelized Cost of Energy from Lazard's, a global database [51]. Mean externalities from our meta-analysis and research synthesis are plotted in the black bubble.
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Any evidence that suggests that the externalities of the technology uptake are not being addressed would directly counter the intent of such initiatives. For LIBs to be fully sustainable, it is imperative that impacts along life cycle stages be adequately addressed, including lithium mineral extraction. ... Mining companies' first priority is ...
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The problem with positive externalities is that the people who create the externality cannot charge the beneficiaries; the beneficiaries can "free ride," or benefit without paying. Free riding results in a suboptimal result, because the producers of the externality will generally create less of the benefit than the larger community needs.
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163 The internalization of surface-mining externalities: M. Greenbaum and C. E. Harvey higher than the expected per-acre reclamation cost. If ultimately the bond is returned in its entirety, the effective `tax' on the firm is the interest income foregone during the period the bond is held by the regulator. For example, a $3 000 per acre bond ...
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The positive externalities related to the mining sector are well documented. In developing countries, for example, mining projects often go hand-in-hand with the building of infrastructures by the ...
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The most well-known adverse externalities caused by mining activities include air, land, and water pollution, soil erosion, biodiversity loss, health-related issues, and reduced community cohesion in mining areas (Orimoloye and Ololade, 2020; Siqueira-Gay et al., 2020). Additionally, the mining industry's "boom-and-bust" cycles and FIFO (Fly-In ...
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What is a 'negative production externality'? In the BBC article, find examples of negative production externalities associated with metal mining. Using an MSB/MSC diagram, show how the negative production externalities in the metal mining market creates a welfare loss for society. Explain your diagram fully.
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has been made to identify the social externalities of coal mining in India. Keywords: Externality, Social & Environmental Awareness, External Cost, External Benefit, Social Externalities, Coal Mining. 1.0 PREAMBLE An externality is a change of state in a process, which is not directly related to that process but to another process as a cause.
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This report reviews the economic theory of externalities and the action of various states in applying externalities to the regulatory processes involving electricity production. The report …
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Analysis of the net economic benefits of Australian coal mining suggest that the vast majority of gross revenues flow directly overseas, while its externalized costs and government subsidies largely negate any remaining economic benefit to Australia. ... externalities and foreign-ownership in the Australian coal industry suggest that the ...
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Due to the continuous development of underground mining methods, technical equipment, the Internet and intelligent technology, a new energy revolution will be of great significance in years to come. Meanwhile, the high-intensity mining (HIM) of thick coal seams has become an important development direction of China's underground coal mining technology. …
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In this paper, an attempt has been made to identify the social externalities of coal mining in India, as well as to outline a befitting approach for their evaluation.
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Internalizing the Negative Externalities of Mining in Ghana: Should Corporate Social Responsibility Be Voluntary?
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